Ku ya 20 Mata, Minmetals Resources Co., Ltd. (MMG) yatangaje ku isoko ry’imigabane rya Hong Kong ko ikirombe cy’umuringa wa lasbambas munsi y’isosiyete kidashobora gukomeza umusaruro kuko abakozi b’abaturage bo muri Peru binjiye mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro bigaragambya.Kuva icyo gihe, imyigaragambyo yaho yariyongereye.Mu ntangiriro za Kamena, abapolisi ba Peru bagonganye n’abaturage benshi bari muri iki kirombe, maze umusaruro w’umuringa wa lasbambas n’umuringa wa loschancas w’umuringa wo mu majyepfo y’umuringa wahagaritswe.

Ku ya 9 Kamena, abaturage bo muri Peru bavuze ko bazakuraho imyigaragambyo yo kwamagana ikirombe cy'umuringa wa lasbambas, cyatumye iki kirombe gihagarika imirimo mu gihe cy'iminsi 50.Abaturage biteguye gutanga ikiruhuko ku ya 30 (15 Kamena - 15 Nyakanga) kugira ngo bakore icyiciro gishya cy'imishyikirano.Abaturage baho basabye iki kirombe gutanga akazi kubaturage no kuvugurura abayobozi ba kirombe.Ikirombe cyavuze ko kizakomeza imirimo imwe n'imwe.Hagati aho, abakozi 3000 bari barahagaritse gukorera abashoramari ba MMG biteganijwe ko bazasubira ku kazi.

Muri Mata, umusaruro w’umuringa wa Peru wari toni 170000, wagabanutseho 1,7% umwaka ushize na 6,6% ukwezi.Mu mezi ane ya mbere yuyu mwaka, Peru y’umuringa w’umuringa yari toni 724000, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 2.8%.Muri Mata, umusaruro wa mine ya lasbambas umuringa wagabanutse cyane.Ikirombe cya Cuajone, gifitwe n'umuringa wo mu majyepfo ya Peru, cyahagaritswe amezi hafi abiri kubera imyigaragambyo y'abaturage.Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Mata uyu mwaka, umusaruro w’umuringa w’ikirombe cya lasbambas n’ikirombe cya Cuajone wagabanutseho toni hafi 50000.Muri Gicurasi, imyigaragambyo myinshi y'umuringa yibasiwe n'imyigaragambyo.Kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, imyigaragambyo yo kwamagana ibirombe by’umuringa mu baturage ba Peru byagabanije umusaruro w’ibirombe by’umuringa muri Peru toni zirenga 100000.

Ku ya 31 Mutarama 2022, Chili yemeye ibyifuzo byinshi.Icyifuzo kimwe gisaba ko igihugu cya Lithium na mine bicukurwa mu gihugu;Ikindi cyifuzo ni ugutanga igihe cyihariye kubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro bwari bwarafunguwe, no gutanga imyaka itanu nkigihe cyinzibacyuho.Mu ntangiriro za Kamena, guverinoma ya Chili yatangije uburyo bwo guhana ikirombe cya lospelambres.Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibidukikije cya Chili cyatanze ibirego ku mikoreshereze idakwiye n’inenge bya pisine yihutirwa y’isosiyete ya Tailings n’inenge z’impanuka n’amasezerano y’itumanaho byihutirwa.Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibidukikije cya Chili cyavuze ko uru rubanza rwatangiye kubera ibibazo by'abaturage.

Urebye umusaruro uva mu birombe by’umuringa muri Chili muri uyu mwaka, umusaruro w’ibirombe by’umuringa muri Chili wagabanutse cyane kubera igabanuka ry’umuringa n’ishoramari ridahagije.Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Mata uyu mwaka, umusaruro wo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro y'umuringa wa Chili wari toni miliyoni 1.714, umwaka ushize wagabanutseho 7,6%, naho umusaruro wagabanutseho toni 150000.Igipimo cy'umusaruro ugabanuka gikunda kwihuta.Komisiyo y'igihugu y'umuringa muri Chili yavuze ko igabanuka ry'umusaruro w'umuringa ryatewe no kugabanuka k'ubuziranenge bw'amabuye y'agaciro ndetse no kubura umutungo w'amazi.

Isesengura ryubukungu ry’imivurungano y’umuringa

Muri rusange, iyo igiciro cyumuringa kiri murwego rwo hejuru, umubare wibitero byumuringa nibindi biziyongera.Abakora umuringa bazahatanira igiciro gito mugihe ibiciro byumuringa bihagaze neza cyangwa mugihe umuringa wa electrolytike uri hejuru.Nyamara, iyo isoko riri mumasoko asanzwe yabagurisha, itangwa ryumuringa riba rito kandi itangwa ryiyongera cyane, byerekana ko ubushobozi bwumuringa bwakoreshejwe neza kandi ubushobozi bwumusaruro ukaba watangiye kugira ingaruka kuri igiciro cy'umuringa.

Iterambere ryisi yose hamwe nisoko ryumuringa rifatwa nkisoko nziza yo guhatanira amasoko, ihuza cyane cyane nigitekerezo cyibanze cyisoko ryapiganwa ryuzuye mubitekerezo byubukungu gakondo.Isoko ririmo umubare munini wabaguzi n’abagurisha, ibicuruzwa bikomeye bahuje ibitsina, umutungo wuzuye, amakuru yuzuye nibindi biranga.Ku cyiciro iyo itangwa ry'umuringa ridahagije kandi umusaruro no gutwara abantu bitangiye kwibanda, ibintu bifasha kwiharira no gushaka ubukode bigaragara hafi yumuyoboro uhuza urwego rwumuringa.Muri Peru na Chili, ibihugu bikomeye by’umuringa, ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y’abakozi n’imiryango izarushaho gushimangira gushimangira imyanya yabo yihariye binyuze mu bikorwa byo gushaka ubukode hagamijwe gushaka inyungu zidatanga umusaruro.

Uruganda rukora monopole rushobora kugumana umwanya w’umugurisha wenyine ku isoko ryarwo, kandi ibindi bigo ntibishobora kwinjira ku isoko no guhangana nabyo.Umusaruro w’umuringa nawo ufite iyi miterere.Mu rwego rwo gucukura umuringa, monopole ntabwo igaragara gusa mu giciro gihanitse, bigatuma bigora abashoramari bashya kwinjira;Bigaragarira kandi mu bushakashatsi, ubushakashatsi bushoboka, kubaka uruganda no gukora ikirombe cy'umuringa bizatwara imyaka myinshi.Nubwo haba hari abashoramari bashya, itangwa ryamabuye yumuringa ntirizagira ingaruka mugihe giciriritse kandi gito.Bitewe nimpamvu zikurikirana, isoko nziza yo gupiganwa irerekana ibiranga monopole yicyiciro, ifite imiterere ya monopole naturel (abatanga ibicuruzwa bike barakora neza) hamwe no kwiharira umutungo (umutungo wingenzi ni uw'ibigo bike na leta).

Imyumvire gakondo yubukungu itubwira ko kwiharira ahanini bizana ingaruka ebyiri.Icya mbere, bigira ingaruka ku gusana bisanzwe umubano utangwa.Bitewe no gushaka ubukode no kwiharira, umusaruro usanga akenshi uri munsi yumusaruro ukenewe kugirango habeho kuringaniza ibicuruzwa nibisabwa, kandi isano iri hagati yo gutanga nibisabwa iragoreka igihe kirekire.Icya kabiri, biganisha ku ishoramari ridahagije.Ibigo cyangwa amashyirahamwe yihariye birashobora kubona inyungu binyuze mu gushaka ubukode, bikabangamira iterambere ry’imikorere kandi bigabanya ishyaka ryo kongera ishoramari no kwagura umusaruro.Banki Nkuru ya Peru yatangaje ko umubare w'ishoramari mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Peru wagabanutse kubera ingaruka z'imyigaragambyo y'abaturage.Uyu mwaka, umubare w'ishoramari mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Peru wagabanutseho hafi 1%, bikaba biteganijwe ko uzagabanukaho 15% mu 2023. Ibintu muri Chili bimeze nk'ibyo muri Peru.Amasosiyete amwe acukura amabuye y'agaciro yahagaritse ishoramari ryabo muri Chili.

Intego yo gushaka ubukode ni ugushimangira imyitwarire yihariye, guhindura ibiciro ninyungu zivamo.Kubera imikorere yayo igereranije, byanze bikunze ihura nimbogamizi zabanywanyi.Urebye igihe kirekire no guhatanira ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ku isi, igiciro gikururwa hejuru y’ibipimo bitangwa n’ibisabwa (hashingiwe ku guhatana neza), bitanga ibiciro bihanitse ku bakora inganda nshya.Ku bijyanye no gutanga umuringa, ikibazo gisanzwe ni ukongera imari n’umusaruro n’abacukuzi b’umuringa.Urebye ukwezi kwose, hazabaho impinduka nini mubutaka bwogutanga umuringa kwisi.

Ibiciro

Imyigaragambyo mu baturage bo mu bihugu byo muri Amerika yepfo yatumye mu buryo butaziguye igabanuka ry’umusaruro w’umuringa mu birombe byaho.Mu mpera za Gicurasi, umusaruro w'amabuye y'agaciro y'umuringa mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo wari wagabanutseho toni zirenga 250000.Bitewe n'ingaruka z'ishoramari ridahagije, ubushobozi bwo gukora hagati - nigihe kirekire bwarahagaritswe bikwiranye.

Amafaranga yo gutunganya umuringa ni itandukaniro ryibiciro hagati yumuringa wumuringa n'umuringa utunganijwe.Amafaranga yo gutunganya umuringa yavuye ku madolari 83.6 / t mu mpera za Mata agera kuri $ 75.3 / t.Mu gihe kirekire, amafaranga yo gutunganya umuringa yongeye kwiyongera kuva ku giciro cyo hasi cyamateka ku ya 1 Gicurasi umwaka ushize.Hamwe nibintu byinshi kandi byinshi bigira ingaruka kumusaruro wumuringa, amafaranga yo gutunganya umuringa azagaruka kumwanya wa $ 60 / toni cyangwa ndetse munsi, bikanyunyuza umwanya winyungu za smelter.Ugereranije kubura ubutare bwumuringa nu mwanya wumuringa bizongerera igihe igiciro cyumuringa kiri murwego rwo hejuru (igiciro cyumuringa wa Shanghai kirenga 70000 / toni).

Dutegereje ejo hazaza h'igiciro cy'umuringa, iterambere ryo kugabanuka kw'amazi ku isi ndetse n'ibihe nyabyo by'ifaranga biracyari ibintu biza ku isonga ry'ibiciro by'umuringa icyiciro.Nyuma y’uko imibare y’ifaranga ry’Amerika yongeye kuzamuka cyane muri Kamena, isoko ryategereje amagambo ya Federasiyo ku bijyanye n’ifaranga rirambye.Imyitwarire ya "hawkish" ya Banki nkuru y’igihugu irashobora gutera igitutu buri gihe ku giciro cy’umuringa, ariko kandi, igabanuka ryihuse ry’umutungo w’Amerika naryo rigabanya inzira isanzwe ya politiki y’ifaranga ry’Amerika.